greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram of food product

EPA tracks and reports greenhouse gas emissions, leverages sound science, and works to reduce emissions to combat climate change. Article 3(4), first subparagraph and Article 10(3), Article 7(1), first subparagraph, first sentence, Article 7(1), first subparagraph, second and third sentence, Use quotation marks to search for an "exact phrase". This Regulation amends and complements the subject matter of Regulation (EC) No 842/2006, which should therefore be repealed. U.S. EPA (2020) 2020 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. Choose energy-efficient lighting and transition away from incandescent light bulbs. Each exporter referred to in Article 19(1) shall report on: the quantities of each substance listed in Annexes I and II that it has exported from the Union other than to be recycled, reclaimed or destroyed; any quantities of each substance listed in Annexes I and II that it has exported from the Union to be recycled, reclaimed and destroyed, respectively. This paragraph shall not prevent non-certified undertakings, who do not carry out the activities referred to in the first sentence of this paragraph, from collecting, transporting or delivering fluorinated greenhouse gases. No later than 1 July 2017, the Commission shall publish a report assessing the quota allocation method, including the impact of allocating quotas for free, and the costs of implementing this Regulation in Member States and of a possible international agreement on hydrofluorocarbons, if applicable. The organic component with a larger particle size follows the solid stream during the separation process, and it is then stored in stockpiles. The label shall be in the official languages of the Member State in which it is to be placed on the market. For example, for already low-emission Northern European barley farms, halving land use can increase GHG emissions per kilogram of grain by 2.5 times and acidification by 3.7 times. Heller, M.C., et al. Energy consumed by devices in standby mode accounts for 5-10% of residential energy use, adding up to $100 per year for the average American household. But it may be doing far less good for the planet. For every kilogram of cheese you buy, 23.9kg (0.84oz) CO2e is released. That number is expected to double by 2034, speeding deforestation in some of the worlds endangered forests. 5. This is not to be confused with figures above which represent the total number of livestock animals slaughtered or used for meat in any given year. (2011); Borhan et al. Addressing Female Iron-Deficiency Anaemia in India: Is Vegetarianism the Major Obstacle?. Environmental Research Letters, 12(11), 114034. We see from the height of the curve that most beef production lies in the range between 17 to 27 kgCO2eq. For example, one kilogram (kg) of beef results in 60 kg of GHG emissionsnearly 2.5x the closest food type, lamb and mutton. The more productive the animal is, the lower the environmental impact will be (on a per unit of product basis). The use of consistent, high-quality data to report on fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions is essential to ensuring the quality of emissions reporting. The Commission, when preparing and drawing up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council. The consensus view has been that little can be done to reduce on-farm emissions. Feed production (Figure 2) includes all the greenhouse gas emission arising from 1) land use change, 2) manufacturing and use of fertilizers and pesticides, 3) manure excreted and applied to fields, 4) agricultural operations, 5) feed processing, and 6) feed transport. CO 2 is the most important GHG, but not the only one agriculture is a large source of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. Effective monitoring of fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions is critical for tracking progress towards the achievement of emission reduction targets and for assessing the impact of this Regulation. At the same time, livestock food chains are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for perhaps 18 per cent of total anthropogenic emissions (Steinfeld et al. All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. S6). It is a staggering amount in the dry summer months in water-stressed regions such as California, Chile, Mexico and southern Spain, where many commercial avocado crops are grown, and puts huge pressure on the local environment. When discarding, pass clothing on to someone who will wear it, or to a thrift shop. FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GASES REFERRED TO IN POINT 1 OF ARTICLE 2, Section 3: Other perfluorinated compounds. Although livestock feed production often involves large applications of nitrogen to agricultural soils, good manure management can reduce the need for manufactured fertilizers. Data on leakage of fluorinated greenhouse gases from equipment collected by companies under this Regulation could significantly improve those emission reporting systems. We are an Open Access publisher and international conference Organizer. The verification report shall be made available, on request, to the competent authority of the Member State concerned and to the Commission. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. H&M is using cupro, a material made from cotton waste. Allocation of quotas for placing hydrofluorocarbons on the market. Andrea Vitali is a lecturer in Sustainable Livestock Production in the master degree of Food Science and Technology at University of Teramo. For the purposes of this Regulation the following definitions apply: fluorinated greenhouse gases means the hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride and other greenhouse gases that contain fluorine, listed in Annex I, or mixtures containing any of those substances; hydrofluorocarbons or HFCs means the substances listed in section 1 of Annex I, or mixtures containing any of those substances; perfluorocarbons or PFCs means the substances listed in section 2 of Annex I, or mixtures containing any of those substances; sulphur hexafluoride or SF6 means the substance listed in section 3 of Annex I, or mixtures containing that substance; mixture means a fluid composed of two or more substances, at least one of which is a substance listed in Annex I or in Annex II; global warming potential or GWP means the climatic warming potential of a greenhouse gas relative to that of carbon dioxide (CO2), calculated in terms of the 100-year warming potential of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas relative to one kilogram of CO2, as set out in Annexes I, II and IV or in the case of mixtures, calculated in accordance with Annex IV; tonne(s) of CO2 equivalent means a quantity of greenhouse gases expressed as the product of the weight of the greenhouse gases in metric tonnes and of their global warming potential; operator means the natural or legal person exercising actual power over the technical functioning of products and equipment covered by this Regulation; a Member State may, in defined, specific situations, designate the owner as being responsible for the operators obligations; use means the utilisation of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the production, maintenance or servicing, including the refilling, of products and equipment, or in other processes referred to in this Regulation; placing on the market means supplying or making available to another party in the Union for the first time, for payment or free of charge, or using for its own account in the case of a producer, and includes customs release for free circulation in the Union; hermetically sealed equipment means equipment in which all fluorinated greenhouse gas containing parts are made tight by welding, brazing or a similar permanent connection, which may include capped valves or capped service ports that allow proper repair or disposal, and which have a tested leakage rate of less than 3grams per year under a pressure of at least a quarter of the maximum allowable pressure; container means a product which is designed primarily for transporting or storing fluorinated greenhouse gases; a non-refillable container means a container which cannot be refilled without being adapted for that purpose or is placed on the market without provision having been made for its return for refilling; recovery means the collection and storage of fluorinated greenhouse gases from products, including containers, and equipment during maintenance or servicing or prior to the disposal of the products or equipment; recycling means the reuse of a recovered fluorinated greenhouse gas following a basic cleaning process; reclamation means the reprocessing of a recovered fluorinated greenhouse gas in order to match the equivalent performance of a virgin substance, taking into account its intended use; destruction means the process of permanently transforming or decomposing all or most of a fluorinated greenhouse gas into one or more stable substances that are not fluorinated greenhouse gases; decommissioning means the final shut-down and removal from operation or usage of a product or piece of equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases; repair means the restoration of damaged or leaking products or equipment that contain, or whose functioning relies upon, fluorinated greenhouse gases, involving a part containing or designed to contain such gases; installation means joining two or more pieces of equipment or circuits containing or designed to contain fluorinated greenhouse gases, with a view to assembling a system in the location where it will be operated, that entails joining together gas carrying conductors of a system to complete a circuit irrespective of the need to charge the system after assembly; maintenance or servicing means all activities, excluding recovery in accordance with Article 8 and leak checks in accordance with Article 4 and point (b) of Article 10(1) of this Regulation, that entail breaking into the circuits containing or designed to contain fluorinated greenhouse gases, in particular supplying the system with fluorinated greenhouse gases, removing one or more pieces of circuit or equipment, reassembling two or more pieces of circuit or equipment, as well as repairing leaks; virgin substance means a substance which has not previously been used; stationary means not normally in transit during operation and includes moveable room air-conditioning appliances; mobile means normally in transit during operation; one-component foam means a foam composition contained in a single aerosol dispenser in unreacted or partly reacted liquid state and that expands and hardens when it leaves the dispenser; refrigerated truck means a motor vehicle with a mass of more than 3,5 tonnes that is designed and constructed primarily to carry goods and that is equipped with a refrigeration unit; refrigerated trailer means a vehicle that is designed and constructed to be towed by a truck or a tractor, primarily to carry goods and that is equipped with a refrigeration unit; technical aerosol means an aerosol dispenser used in maintaining, repairing, cleaning, testing, disinsecting and manufacturing products and equipment, installing equipment, and in other applications; leakage detection system means a calibrated mechanical, electrical or electronic device for detecting leakage of fluorinated greenhouse gases which, on detection, alerts the operator; undertaking means any natural or legal person who: produces, uses, recovers, collects, recycles, reclaims, or destroys fluorinated greenhouse gases; imports or exports fluorinated greenhouse gases or products and equipment that contain such gases; places on the market fluorinated greenhouse gases or products and equipment that contain, or whose functioning relies upon, such gases; installs, services, maintains, repairs, checks for leaks or decommissions equipment that contains, or whose functioning relies upon, fluorinated greenhouse gases; is the operator of equipment that contains, or whose functioning relies upon, fluorinated greenhouse gases; produces, imports, exports, places on the market or destroys gases listed in Annex II; places on the market products or equipment containing gases listed in Annex II; feedstock means any fluorinated greenhouse gas, or substance listed in Annex II, that undergoes chemical transformation in a process in which it is entirely converted from its original composition and its emissions are insignificant; commercial use means used for the storage, display or dispensing of products, for sale to end users, in retail and food services; fire protection equipment means the equipment and systems utilised in fire prevention or suppression applications and includes fire extinguishers; organic Rankine cycle means a cycle containing condensable fluorinated greenhouse gas converting heat from a heat source into power for the generation of electric or mechanical energy; military equipment mean arms, munitions and war material intended specifically for military purposes which are necessary for the protection of the essential interests of the security of Member States; electrical switchgear means switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment, and assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures and supporting structures, intended for usage in connection with the generation, transmission, distribution and conversion of electric energy; multipack centralised refrigeration systems means systems with two or more compressors operated in parallel, which are connected to one or more common condensers and to a number of cooling devices such as display cases, cabinets, freezers or to chilled store rooms; primary refrigerant circuit of cascade systems means the primary circuit in indirect medium temperature systems where a combination of two or more separate refrigeration circuits are connected in series such that the primary circuit absorbs the condenser heat from a secondary circuit for the medium temperature; single split air conditioning systems means systems for room air conditioning that consist of one outdoor unit and one indoor unit linked by refrigerant piping, needing installation at the site of usage. 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